Jokhang Temple in Lhasa - Tibet

Situated in the heart of old Lhasa city, Jokhang Temple is regarded as the spiritual center of Tibet. Along with the Potala Palace, it is a sight not to be missed by those who travel in Tibet, and it is one of the best places to learn about the unique Tibetan Buddhism. The temple was listed in the World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.

Quick Facts About Jokhang Temple

Location: Jokhang Temple is located in the heart of Lhasa, the capital city of Tibet, near Barkhor Street.

History: Built in the 7th century by King Songtsen Gampo, Jokhang Temple is over 1,300 years old.

Significance: It is the most sacred and important temple in Tibetan Buddhism, attracting pilgrims from all over Tibet.

Architecture: The temple combines elements of Indian Vihara design, Tibetan, and Nepalese architecture.

UNESCO Status: Jokhang Temple was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 as part of the Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace.

Main Statue: The temple houses the Jowo Rinpoche, a revered statue of Shakyamuni Buddha, which is said to have been brought to Tibet by Princess Wencheng from China.

Festivals: The temple is a focal point during major Tibetan festivals, including the Losar (Tibetan New Year) and the Monlam Prayer Festival.

Cultural Artifacts: Jokhang Temple is rich with cultural and religious artifacts, including ancient scriptures, murals, and statues.

Accessibility: The temple is open to tourists, but it's advisable to visit with a guide to understand its historical and spiritual significance.

Visitor Experience: Visitors are expected to dress modestly and behave respectfully, considering the temple's spiritual importance. Photography inside the temple is usually restricted.

The History and Legend of Jokhang Temple

Jokhang Temple has more than 1,300 years of history and has supreme status in Tibetan Buddhism. It is the most splendid Tubo structure in Tibet and the earliest civil architecture in Tibet. The Tibetan people have a saying "The Jokhang Temple first, then the Lhasa City". The Jokhang Temple has a central position in Lhasa, not only in terms of geographic location but also in social life and spirit.

In the local legend, Jokhang Temple was constructed on the former site of a lake, The lake site was the idea of Prince Wen Cheng, who was a learned woman and found that the geography of Tibet was much like a hag, with the lake at the heart. She suggested that the hag must be demolished by filling and leveling the lake using 1,000 goats to carry soil from a mountain far away, or it would destroy every temple in the region. Finally, the temple was completed and was named Ra-Sa-Vphrul-Snang ('ra' meaning goat and 'sa' meaning earth in Tibetan) to commemorate those goats.

After years of development, The city of Ra-Sa grew around the temple and over time, became known as Lhasa. The temple was the origin of Tibetan Buddhism and has become an inseparable part of Tibetan history and culture. Maybe the legend is not true, but it makes the Temple more mystical and beautiful. 

Most monasteries in Tibet belong to a certain Tibetan Buddhist sect, while Jokhang Temple is a sacred monastery shared by all denominations. Jokhang Temple is the termination of pilgrimage for Tibetan Buddhist believers.

What to see in Jokhang Temple

The temple is a gigantic architectural complex that demonstrates a combination of the styles of Tibetan, Han, India, and Nepal, as well as a Mandala world outlook of Buddhism. The main building is a 4 stories temple, with roofs covered with gilded bronze tiles. Atop the building, you can see a Dharma Wheel (chakra) flanked by two deer, which represents the unity of all things and symbolizes Sakyamuni himself.

Jokhang Temple is a holy shrine that well preserves numerous historical relics since the Tang Dynasty, including the statues of King Songtesn Gampo, Princess Wencheng, and Princess Bhrikuti Devi. Most of these Buddhist statues were brought by the two princesses as part of their dowries. The statue of Sakyamuni at age 12 sitting in the middle of the main hall is the most precious treasure of the temple. It has been gilded many times since it was brought by Princess Wencheng and decorated elaborately with jewels typical of Tibet. Statues of King Songtsem Gampo, Princess Wen Cheng, and Princess Bhrikuti are on the second floor. 

The golden roof is a highlight of Jokhang Temple, as it offers a great view of Lhasa city and the Potala Palace. The roof is a way back to the real world from the inner temple, here you can see the monks debating in the courtyards within the temple and the devout pilgrims prostrating themselves at the entrance of the temple, and Barkhor Street, which is a famous Kora around Jokhang Temple and a market for selling souvenirs. 

Tibetans also like to call the area of ​​Barkhor Street dominated by Jokhang Temple as “Lhasa”, which means Buddha in Tibetan. You will see the numerous pilgrims kneeling and bowing with their heads touching the ground at the entrance of Jokhang Temple. It is the highest sign of reverence. This temple has a high position in the minds of the Lhasa people. More people are turning around the Jokhang Temple every day. Many monks are also standing near the Jokhang Temple to sing the alms to the people passing by.

Pilgrim Paths

For Tibetan pilgrims, the principal points of orientation in Lhasa are the city’s three Koras (pilgrimage circuits): the Nangkhor, Barkhor, and Lingkor. For the visitors, all the Koras are well worth following, especially during festivals like Saga Dawa (the 15th day of the 4th month in the Tibetan calendar and normally in May/June in the Gregorian calendar). 

• Nangkhor: this kora encircles the inner precincts of the Jokhang Temple.
• Barkhor: the most famous pilgrimage circuits trace the outskirts of the Jokhang Temple and are probably the best introduction to the old Lhasa town for newcomers.
• Linkghor: this devotional route traditionally encompassed the entirety of the old Lhasa city. Nowadays the Lingkhor includes a great deal of the modern city but it is still used by pilgrims. 

Travel Tips for Visiting Jokhang Temple 

Preparation and Planning

1. Permits: Ensure you have the necessary permits to visit Lhasa, including the Tibet Travel Permit, which must be arranged through a travel agency.

2. Timing: Visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid crowds and experience the temple’s serene atmosphere. The temple opens as early as 8:00 AM.

3. Dress Modestly: Wear conservative clothing that covers your shoulders and knees. This shows respect for the sacred nature of the site.

4. Guide Services: Consider hiring a local guide who can provide historical context and cultural insights, enhancing your visit.

On Arrival

1. Security Check: Be prepared for a security check at the entrance. Large bags and certain items may not be allowed inside.

2. Entrance Fees: There is an entrance fee for tourists, typically around 85 CNY. Carry enough cash as credit cards may not be accepted.

During Your Visit

1. Photography: Photography is generally allowed outside the temple but is restricted inside. Always ask for permission before taking photos of monks or pilgrims.

2. Respect Pilgrims: Be mindful of the pilgrims performing prostrations and kora (circumambulation). Do not obstruct their paths and show respect for their practices.

3. Shoes: You may need to remove your shoes before entering certain parts of the temple. Follow the signs and instructions from the temple staff.

4. Sacred Areas: Refrain from touching sacred statues, altars, and other religious artifacts. Some areas may be off-limits to non-Buddhists.

5. Silence and Reverence: Maintain a quiet and respectful demeanor inside the temple. Avoid loud conversations and disruptive behavior.

Exploring the Temple

1. Jowo Rinpoche Statue: The statue of Jowo Rinpoche is the most revered part of the temple. Spend time observing and appreciating its significance and artistry.

2. Murals and Artifacts: Take time to admire the ancient murals, thangkas, and other artifacts that depict Tibetan Buddhist culture and history.

3. Rooftop Views: Don’t miss the opportunity to visit the temple’s rooftop, which offers stunning views of Barkhor Street and the Potala Palace in the distance.

Practical Tips

1. Altitude Acclimatization: Lhasa is situated at an altitude of 3,650 meters. Spend a few days acclimatizing before visiting major attractions to avoid altitude sickness.

2. Hydration: Stay hydrated, but avoid consuming too much alcohol or caffeine as they can exacerbate altitude sickness symptoms.

3. Cash: Carry enough local currency (Chinese Yuan) for entrance fees, donations, and small purchases, as credit cards are not widely accepted.

4. Local Etiquette: Learn a few basic Tibetan phrases to interact with locals. Simple greetings and thank yous are always appreciated.

5. Souvenirs: If you wish to purchase souvenirs, Barkhor Street around the temple offers a variety of Tibetan handicrafts, prayer flags, and religious items.