A Trip Through History - The Rise Of "Red Tourism" in China
"Red Tourism" is an emerging tourism market in China that focuses on destinations with historical significance to the foundation of communism in China and the Chinese Communist Party. In addition to being rich in historical significance for China today, the Chinese government in particular has hopes that the rise of Red Tourism will rekindle Chinese people’s appreciation for the country's struggle and help inform the world of China's history.
In Mandarin Chinese, "红色之旅" (hóng sè zhī lǚ) is how Red Tourism is referred to, and in China today, “red” has many symbolic meanings - culturally, it means "good luck" and "auspicious blessing," while politically it stands for the Chinese Communist Party and the Red Army in particular.
Tourism Issues in China
China is faced with many infrastructure issues, cultural misunderstandings, and environmental concerns which increase overall tourism in the country.
China's rapid industrialization and urbanization have posed substantial threats to its cultural heritage and natural landscapes, key components of its tourism appeal. Urban sprawl, pollution, and the construction of modern facilities have often been at odds with the preservation of historic sites and natural beauty. This tension between development and conservation has led to criticism both domestically and internationally, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to tourism that respects China's rich cultural legacy and natural endowments.
In the past, China also grappled with the reputation of providing subpar tourism services, including issues related to accommodation, hygiene, and professionalism in the hospitality sector. Language barriers and a lack of international service standards sometimes result in a less than satisfactory experience for foreign tourists, hindering the country's reputation as a global tourism destination.
Implementing Red Tourism in China
Implementing Red Tourism is not just about visiting new places in China. The main reason for this government strategy is to understand Chinese culture and their historical places and past.
Central to the Red Tourism circuit are the locations associated with the historic Long March, a strategic retreat undertaken by the Communist Party of China over 70 years ago, covering an epic 50,000 km (31,070 miles). This legendary route, which played a decisive role in the eventual triumph of the Communist Party over the Kuomintang during China's civil war, is dotted with numerous sites of historical significance. These landmarks not only commemorate the strategic brilliance and enduring perseverance of the communist forces but also serve as poignant reminders of the pivotal moments that have defined the nation's collective memory.
Tourists delving into Red Tourism are presented with a curated tapestry of destinations, each narrating a distinct chapter of China’s revolutionary saga. From the birthplaces of revolutionary leaders to the very fields where pivotal battles were waged, these sites collectively offer a panoramic view of the struggle, hope, and tenacity that culminated in the shaping of contemporary China. Engaging with these landmarks, visitors are afforded a deep dive into the historical undercurrents that continue to influence China's societal fabric and national ethos.
The implementation of Red Tourism is designed to be as enlightening as it is engaging. Visitors are treated to a spectrum of interpretive experiences, from detailed exhibitions and historic reenactments to interactive multimedia displays, all crafted to bring the past vividly to life. These immersive elements ensure that the history is not only learned but felt, allowing tourists to grasp the emotional gravitas and historical significance of each site. Such a comprehensive engagement transforms a mere visit into a powerful journey of discovery and reflection, bridging past and present.
Key Destinations for Red Tourists
Guang'an, Sichuan Province
Deng Xiaoping, China's leader during the period of "Openness and Reform" in the '80s and '90s, which led to today's economic boom in China, was born in Guang'an, Sichuan. Because of his influence and the respect that the Chinese hold for Deng Xiaoping, Guang'an is another popular Red Tourism site, located in southwest China's Sichuan province.
Yan'an
Often considered the heartland of the revolution, Yan'an served as the endpoint of the Long March and became the Communist Party's stronghold during the crucial years leading up to its victory in 1949. It's a symbol of perseverance and ideological commitment.
Jinggangshan
Known as the birthplace of China's Red Army and the "cradle of the Chinese revolution," this area's lush mountains witnessed the early struggles and formative strategies of the Communist guerrillas.
Ruijin
This city is celebrated as the starting point of the Long March and was the seat of the first Soviet government in China, playing a crucial role in communist history.
Zunyi, Guizhou Province
The town of Zunyi is most noteworthy. Zunyi is the spot where Mao Zedong took over as chairman of the Communist Party of China during the Long March, during the so-called Zunyi Conference. Today the location is a popular one for Red Tourism visitors.
Shijiazhuang
Although less known, this city has its own revolutionary history, with several sites commemorating the struggles and contributions of the local population during the Civil War.
Qingyang
This area played a significant role in the revolution, with historical sites that echo the tales of resilience and strategy of the communist forces.
Chishui
Renowned for its strategic importance during the Long March, Chishui's landscapes are intertwined with the history of tactical retreats and maneuvers that were critical for the Red Army's survival.
Longyan
This city is noted for its role in supporting the revolutionary base areas in Fujian province, providing a unique perspective on the rural contributions to the communist cause.
Shaoshan
The birthplace of Mao Zedong, it’s a pilgrimage site for many, offering intimate insights into the early life and influences of the leader who would become the founding father of the People’s Republic of China.
Impact of Red Tourism in China
The primary beneficiaries of Red Tourism, or "Red Tourists," are individuals actively engaging in this form of tourism. These travelers, mainly domestic within China due to recent global circumstances, frequent museums, memorials, historical political sites, and more, enriching their understanding of communism's legacy. Interestingly, a significant portion of these tourists are young adults, highlighting a generational interest in exploring these historical narratives.
Red tourism undeniably injects financial vitality into regions that might otherwise remain off the beaten path for most travelers. Consider the museums with their admission charges, or the local guides offering immersive tours; these are direct channels through which red tourism funnels income into the local economy. It's more than just a trickle of financial benefits; it's a substantial flow. Specifically in China, the impact of red tourism is monumental, with an anticipated boost of an additional 20 billion yuan annually. This isn't just a number; it represents a transformative influx of resources that can uplift entire communities, enhancing their economic landscape significantly through the allure of red tourism.
Political benefits notwithstanding, Red Tourism has been an economic boon to many locals at different historical sites who struggled to make a living as farmers before tourism began to bring outside money to their areas.
"Life here used to be very hard. Now it is so much better," said by one of the locals, "Everyone is getting richer and happier. It is great to see my family so happened and my neighbors doing so well."
Come travel China and see some of China's historical sites along the Long March and elsewhere, which were influential in shaping not on the nation, but the world today!