Langzhong and Pengan- The Best Eastern Sichuan Ancient Towns To Visit
Eastern Sichuan, a region steeped in rich history and vibrant culture, serves as a captivating backdrop to some of China's most beautifully preserved ancient towns. This area, known for its lush landscapes and the meandering Yangtze River, has been a cradle of civilization and a pivotal player in China's storied past. The region's historical significance is deeply rooted in its role as a crossroads of ancient trade routes and as a center for cultural and intellectual exchange. From the echoes of ancient battles to the whispers of poets and scholars, Eastern Sichuan has long been a stage where history and legend intertwine.
In the heart of this historically rich region lie Langzhong and Peng'an, two ancient towns that are like hidden gems waiting to be uncovered.
As we delve deeper into these ancient towns, we uncover not only the architectural and historical wonders they hold but also the intangible heritage that continues to live within their walls.
Langzhong Ancient Town (阆中)
Langzhong is situated in the northern Sichuan Basin on the middle reaches of the Jialing River, a branch of the Yangtze. Emperor Qin Hui established Langzhong County in 314 B.C., and it is the only county that has retained its original name.
Till now Langzhong still has kept its ancient town of 1.5 square kilometers in good repair. In 1986, the State Council named it a famous historic and cultural city. And in China, Langzhong is one of four old cities.
Langzhong has deep cultural accumulation. The legend goes that Hua Xu, Fu Xi's mother, was pregnant with Fu Xi in Langzhong who is the ancestor of the Chinese nation. It is the breeding place of Ba culture and a place where Islamism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Christianity coexist harmoniously. Langzhong was also the research center of Fengshui (geomantic omen). In the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Tiangang and Li Chunfeng, two experts on astronomy and Fengshui culture, went to Langzhong, to study astronomy and Fengshui and live in seclusion. They later died and were buried here.
History and Significance
Throughout the ages, from the Qin and Han dynasties through to the Ming and Qing dynasties, Langzhong has played pivotal roles, serving as a military stronghold, an administrative center, and a hub of cultural and economic activities. Its strategic location along the Jialing River made it a key player in historical events, influencing the region's development.
The town's enduring legacy is also marked by its recognition as one of the four great ancient towns in China, a status that speaks to its exceptional preservation of cultural heritage and historical importance. This accolade places Langzhong on a prestigious pedestal alongside the likes of Lijiang, Pingyao, and Huizhou, known for their profound historical and cultural value.
Cultural Highlights of Langzhong
Langzhong's cultural tapestry is vividly displayed in its traditional architecture and urban layout, which have remained largely unchanged for centuries. The town is a living museum, showcasing the quintessence of ancient Chinese urban planning and architectural styles. The streets are lined with well-preserved ancient buildings, many featuring intricate wood carvings, ornate stonework, and classic tiled roofs, embodying the essence of Sichuan architectural styles. The layout of the town reflects the principles of Feng Shui, believed to bring harmony between humans and their environment.
Among the key cultural sites that stand as testaments to Langzhong's rich history is the Zhang Fei Temple. Dedicated to Zhang Fei, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms period, the temple is not only a place of historical significance but also a site of reverence and cultural interest. It's a vibrant showcase of ancient Chinese art and architecture, with statues, inscriptions, and relics that transport visitors back to the era of legendary heroes.
Another significant cultural highlight is the network of ancient examination halls, a reminder of Langzhong's role as an educational center. These halls, where scholars once gathered to take imperial exams, symbolize the town's historical emphasis on learning and intellectual achievement. They provide a unique insight into the traditional Chinese education system and its impact on societal structure.
- The old streets and lanes: The ancient town contains about 90 streets and lanes, one-fifth of which date from the Tang-Song (960-1279) dynasties. There are two buildings from the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), four from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and 12 from the early Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The downtown streets have many ancient houses from the Tang Dynasty that have become an important component in the study of ancient Chinese architecture. Huang Bao Che or the Rickshaw can be found on the old streets often, have a ride on the streets and stop to take photos, and visit some ole family courtyard homes, it is a really wonderful and fun way to explore the old city.
- The ancient courtyards: Langzhong Old City Quarter is one of the largest and best-preserved cities of ancient 'siheyuans' or 'courtyard homes' in China today, it is literally cupped in a U-shaped bend of the Jialing River (a tributary of the Yangtze). Many have been renovated and opened as accommodation houses of varying quality. Most of these large beautifully restored homes of once prominent wealthy city merchants are also open to the public for a small fee.
- The BaBa Temple (Mosque) on a small hill beyond the bus station is unusual in that one entrance leads through a cemetery, rather strange and spooky if you visit at dusk, and certainly not usual for a Temple to have a cemetery nearby. A closer inspection of the gravestones revealed Arabic text and although the style of the buildings was similar to most other temples, this one had a very distinctive bell-shaped dome on the roof of the central building. There was also no entrance fee and no admittance into the inner places of worship.
-The Gong Yuan or Qing Dynasty Imperial Examination Rooms is now a museum and reportedly the best preserved of the only two remaining, intact Gong Yuan in all of China.
- The Huaguang Tower a city gate by the river affords excellent views across the river and over the gray tiled roofs of the Siheyuans, its worn steps are a testimony of the passage of time and history.
- Zhangfei Temple dating back 1700 years is where this legendary figure is buried with many other tributes to him scattered all over southwest China.
Langzhong's ancient streets and cultural sites collectively offer a journey through time, where the past and present coexist. Walking through the town feels like stepping into a bygone era, a rare opportunity to experience the living history of ancient China. This remarkable preservation of culture, history, and architecture makes Langzhong Ancient Town a must-visit destination for anyone seeking to delve deeper into China's rich and diverse heritage.
Experiences to Seek in Langzhong Ancient Town
Langzhong, with its rich cultural fabric and historical charm, offers a plethora of experiences for visitors. Here are some of the key experiences to seek out during your visit:
Local Festivals and Events Worth Attending
Chinese New Year Celebrations: Langzhong is renowned for its vibrant Chinese New Year festivities. The town comes alive with traditional decorations, lion dances, and fireworks. It's a cultural spectacle where you can immerse yourself in the joy and excitement of one of China's most important holidays.
Lantern Festival: Held on the 15th day of the first lunar month, the Lantern Festival in Langzhong is a sight to behold. The town is adorned with colorful lanterns, and traditional performances like dragon dances create a festive atmosphere.
Zhang Fei Memorial Ceremony: This event, held annually at the Zhang Fei Temple, is a tribute to the revered general. It features traditional rituals, martial arts demonstrations, and historical reenactments, offering a deep dive into the town's rich historical past.
Unique Local Cuisine and Where to Find It
Langzhong has three special products - Baoning vinegar, Zhang Fei beef, and sweet steamed buns.
- Baoning vinegar: Baoning was another name for Langzhong used during the Yuan and Ming dynasties. In Langzhong You will find Langzhong people drink Baoning vinegar as a beverage, tea, and even medicine because it tastes good and contains over 60 elements of traditional Chinese medicine and 18 kinds of amino acids and trace elements needed by the human body. And also you will find vinegar bars, cafe shops, or even footbaths with vinegar on some streets. It's worth taking a visit to the Baoning vinegar factory once you visit Langzhong.
- Zhangfei Beef: A must-try delicacy, Zhangfei Beef is a local specialty known for its tender texture and rich flavor. Dry but not hard, smooth but not soft, black outside while red inside, is not only like the character of Zhangfei who was a general of the Three Kingdoms Period, but also because Zhang Fei was stationed in Langzhong for seven years, and loved by the local people. And the beef has won a silver prize for quality products from the Texas Industrial Association. Tourists always buy it as gifts for friends.
- Baoning sweet steamed buns: In Langzhong you can easily find this kind of buns from shops on the streets. Each bun gets a red stamp by hand to prove its authenticity. This should be the best simple package food in Langzhong.
Recommendations for Immersive Experiences
Stay in a Traditional Courtyard House: For a truly immersive experience, stay in one of Langzhong's traditional courtyard houses. These accommodations, often family-run, offer a glimpse into the local lifestyle and architecture. They are beautifully preserved and provide a comfortable, authentic place to stay.
Participate in a Tea Ceremony: The traditional Chinese tea ceremony is an integral part of Langzhong's culture. Participating in one is not only relaxing but also provides insight into the ceremonial aspects of Chinese tea culture.
Explore the Ancient City by Foot: Take a guided walking tour or explore on your own. Walking through the ancient streets, visiting local markets, and interacting with residents is the best way to experience the town's authentic charm.
Traditional Crafts Workshops: Engage in workshops where you can learn traditional Chinese crafts such as calligraphy, paper cutting, or lantern making. These activities offer hands-on experience and a deeper understanding of Chinese art and culture.
Each of these experiences in Langzhong offers a unique window into the town's rich heritage and provides an opportunity to connect with its history, culture, and people in a meaningful way. Whether you're indulging in local cuisine, participating in traditional festivals, or staying in historical accommodations, Langzhong promises an unforgettable journey through time.
Peng'an Ancient Town (蓬安)
While it may not boast the widespread fame of some other ancient towns in China, Peng'an holds its own as a significant historical site, with a story that stretches back over a thousand years.
The origins of Peng'an can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, with its establishment as a crucial hub for local trade and commerce. Its strategic location along key waterways made it an essential stopover for merchants and traders journeying through Sichuan Province. Over the centuries, the town evolved into a bustling center of regional trade, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures. This trade not only brought wealth and prosperity to the town but also left an indelible mark on its cultural and social landscape.
Peng'an's historical significance is also tied to its role in Chinese cultural and intellectual history. The town was a gathering place for scholars, poets, and artists, drawn by its serene beauty and vibrant cultural scene. Throughout its history, Peng'an has been a crucible of cultural innovation and exchange, contributing to the rich tapestry of Chinese culture and heritage.
Cultural Highlights of Peng'an Ancient Town
Key Landmarks
Ancient Bridges: Peng'an is renowned for its ancient bridges, which are not only feats of historic engineering but also beautiful examples of traditional Chinese architecture. The most famous among them is the Qinglong Bridge, a stone arch bridge that dates back to the Ming Dynasty. This bridge, with its intricate carvings and enduring structure, is a testament to the town's historical connection with waterways and trade.
Historic Towers: The town is dotted with several historic towers that once served as watchtowers and symbols of the town's prosperity. The Wenbi Tower, known for its elegant design and historical significance, stands out as a prime example. These towers offer panoramic views of the town and the surrounding landscapes, providing a unique perspective on Peng'an's historical layout.
Traditional Residences: Walking through Peng'an, one is struck by the well-preserved traditional residences. These buildings, with their classic grey tiles, wooden balconies, and intricately carved doors, reflect the architectural styles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Many of these residences have been converted into museums, cafes, and guest houses, allowing visitors to experience their historical charm up close.
Experiences to Seek in Peng'an Ancient Town
Peng'an offers a wealth of experiences that allow visitors to immerse themselves in its rich cultural heritage and stunning natural beauty. Here are some of the key experiences to seek out:
Cultural Activities and Workshops
Traditional Crafts Workshops: Peng'an is a treasure trove of traditional Chinese crafts. Visitors can participate in workshops on paper-cutting, pottery, or silk weaving, learning these ancient skills from local artisans. These workshops not only provide a hands-on experience but also a deeper understanding of the cultural significance behind each craft.
Calligraphy Lessons: Calligraphy is an integral part of Chinese culture, and Peng'an offers opportunities for visitors to learn this elegant art form. Local masters can teach the basics of Chinese calligraphy, offering a unique way to engage with traditional Chinese culture and literature.
Tea Culture Experience: Peng'an, like many parts of Sichuan, has a rich tea culture. Visitors can partake in tea-tasting sessions or attend a traditional tea ceremony. These experiences provide insight into the ceremonial aspects of Chinese tea culture and its importance in daily life.
Natural Attractions Nearby
Riverside Walks: The Jialing River, which flows through Peng'an, offers scenic riverside walks. Strolling along the riverbanks, visitors can enjoy the serene landscape and observe local life as it unfolds by the water.
Nearby Scenic Areas: The region around Peng'an is known for its natural beauty. The Baoding Mountain, just a short drive from the town, offers hiking trails and stunning views of the surrounding countryside. The mountain is also home to ancient carvings and temples, adding a cultural element to the natural exploration.
Bamboo Forests: A visit to the nearby bamboo forests provides a tranquil escape into nature. These lush, green spaces are ideal for leisurely walks and offer a chance to experience the serene beauty characteristic of Chinese landscapes.
Tips for Exploring the Town's Alleys and Hidden Spots
Early Morning Walks: Exploring the town early in the morning allows visitors to see Peng'an come to life. The streets are less crowded, and the soft morning light provides a beautiful backdrop for photography.
Local Guides: Hiring a local guide can provide insights into the town's history and lead you to hidden spots that are off the beaten path. Local guides can share stories and anecdotes that enrich the exploration experience.
In summary, Peng'an Ancient Town is a place where cultural immersion and natural beauty go hand in hand. Whether it's through engaging in traditional crafts, exploring the natural surroundings, or simply wandering through its alleys, Peng'an promises a rich, authentic experience that connects visitors with the essence of traditional Chinese culture and the timeless beauty of its landscapes.
Travel Tips and Considerations for Visiting Langzhong and Peng'an
Best Times to Visit
Langzhong: The best time to visit Langzhong is during spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November). During these months, the weather is pleasant, with mild temperatures and less rainfall, making it ideal for exploring the town and participating in outdoor activities. Additionally, visiting during the Chinese New Year (usually in late January or February) can be particularly rewarding due to the festive atmosphere and traditional celebrations.
Peng'an: Similar to Langzhong, the optimal times to visit Peng'an are in the spring and autumn seasons. These periods offer comfortable weather for exploration and the natural scenery is at its most picturesque. The town is also less crowded during these times, allowing for a more leisurely experience.
Transportation Options and Navigation
From Chengdu to Langzhong and Peng'an:
To Langzhong:
- By Bus: Regular buses run from Chengdu to Langzhong. The journey takes approximately 4-5 hours.
- By Train: High-speed trains are available from Chengdu to Nanchong, a nearby city. From Nanchong, you can take a bus or taxi to Langzhong, which is about an hour away.
To Peng'an:
- By Bus: Direct buses from Chengdu to Peng'an are available, with a journey time of around 3-4 hours.
- By Train: There are no direct trains to Peng'an. However, you can take a train to Nanchong and then a bus or taxi to Peng'an.
Navigating Between Langzhong and Peng'an:
- By Bus: The most convenient way to travel between Langzhong and Peng'an is by bus. The journey takes about 2-3 hours.
- By Taxi or Private Car: For more comfort and flexibility, consider hiring a taxi or a private car. This option allows you to travel at your own pace and explore areas along the way.
Additional Tips
Local Transportation: Once in Langzhong or Peng'an, most attractions are within walking distance. However, for longer distances, local taxis and public buses are available.
Language Barrier: English is not widely spoken in these towns, so it's helpful to have a translation app or a phrasebook handy.
Cash vs. Cards: While major hotels and some restaurants may accept credit cards, it's advisable to carry cash, as smaller shops and local vendors typically do not accept cards.
Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs and traditions. Dress modestly when visiting temples and religious sites, and always ask for permission before taking photos of locals.
Stay Connected: Consider purchasing a local SIM card for easy navigation and communication.
Exploring Langzhong and Peng'an offers a unique glimpse into the rich cultural tapestry and scenic beauty of Eastern Sichuan. With careful planning and consideration of these travel tips, your journey to these ancient towns can be a seamless and enriching experience.